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However, after 370 s of discharge, the higher temperature difference between the coolant and the battery surface intensifies heat transfer, leading to an increase in the outlet coolant temperature for d 3 = 82 mm and d 3 = 99 mm. Combining Fig. 11 (a)(b), it can be concluded that the cooling plate with a groove length of d 3 = 50 mm
The optimized VHTP cooling plate reduces the temperature difference across the battery surface by 22.7 % to 25.4 % for different discharge rates and cooling fluid mass flow rates, while slightly improving the maximum temperature on the battery
The cooling fluid is a mixture of water with ethylene glycol which is supplied from a water bath and transferred by a pump to a plate heat exchanger. As shown in Fig. 3 (b), the test module consists of a plexiglass container, a copper ingot, a cartridge heater, a heat sink, a cover plate, inlet & outlet connections, and bolts.
A liquid cooling plate with flexible flow channel design is fabricated using roll bond process, its thermal performance is verified experimentally. • Using proposed liquid cooling plate, the temperature of battery module is below 35 °C, and the temperature difference is within 5 °C at 2C discharge rate (750 W). •
The results showed that the cooling plate can meet the heat dissipation requirements of high-temperature uniformity for the batteries under high discharge
They carried out a numerical simulation to examine the effectiveness of the PCM cooling plate and showed that the liquid cooling pump requirements could be reduced in intensity and duration. In the aluminum cooling plate, the temperature near the inlet is considerably lower than the temperature close to the outlet. J Energy
As shown in Fig. 8, the temperature difference of all batteries at 150 Pa inlet pressure is lower than 5 K, and the cold plate cooling performance can match the requirements of the battery ideal working temperature difference. The temperature difference of batteries with TCP-RCP and TCP-SCP is 3.26 K and 3.58 K, respectively,
The structural diagram of the liquid cooling plate is depicted in Fig. 1.To tackle the common problems of traditional flow channels, including uneven coolant arrangement, high power consumption, and substantial pressure drop between the inlet and outlet, the double-layer vein bionic flow channel cold plate is divided into upper and
In the process of topology optimization, the liquid cooling plate is assumed to be a rectangular structure, as shown in Fig. 1, the inlet and outlet of the topological liquid cooling plate are located on the center line of the cold plate, where the dark domain is the design domain, and γ is the design variable. The values of the design
The optimized VHTP cooling plate reduces the temperature difference across the battery surface by 22.7 % to 25.4 % for different discharge rates and cooling fluid mass flow rates, while slightly improving the maximum temperature on the battery surface, compared to the reference cooling plate.
With the continuous improvement of battery energy density, higher requirements are put forward for the thermal safety of batteries. However, the performance and lifetime of lithium-ion batteries are greatly affected by temperature. The cooling plate inlet flow rate was set to 0.02 m/s, 0.04 m/s, 0.06 m/s, 0.08 m/s, and 0.10 m/s
Abstract. Energy for air dehumidification and cooling can be stored efficiently and non-dissipatively in liquid desiccants. For optimal storage capacity, new dehumidifiers have been developed and tested, dehumidifying air by a cooled microflow of a hygroscopic aqueous salt solution, e.g. LiCl H 2 O in an almost isothermal absorption
A numerical analysis is performed for direct liquid cooling of lithium-ion batteries using different dielectric fluids.. Study and compared the thermal performance of three different dielectric fluids including mineral oil, deionised water, and one engineered fluid. The temperature rise is limited to below 3 °C for 1c- discharge by using deionised
After optimization, the maximum temperature was reduced by 13.29 °C, the standard temperature difference was reduced by 3.35 °C and the pressure drop was reduced by 382.1 Pa. Kalkan et al. [29] designed a tree-shaped fractal channel cooling plate and evaluated the effect of cooling plate channel design, mass flow rate, coolant
Therefore, it is wise to decide the inlet and outlet ports of a cold plate amongst design 1 and design 4. For design 1, the T bm, max and T σ are noticed to be 2 °C and 0.2 °C lower compared to that of design 4, respectively. Moreover, a higher pressure drop across the mini channels up to 60.17 Pa discards the utility of design 4 and
The RBLCPs are designed according to Eq. (1).Due to the Δ T between the fluid and batteries is high at the inlet, the heat transfer area of the inlet is appropriately reduced to narrow the heat transfer between the inlet and the outlet, and ultimately uniform the overall temperature of the RBLCP. In this paper, the roll-bond liquid cooling plates
•Water is one of the best heat transfer fluids due to its specific heat at typical temperatures for electronics cooling. •Temperature range requirements defines the type of liquid that can be used in each application. −Operating Temperature < 0oC, water cannot be used. −Glycol/water mixtures are commonly used in military
Domestic water heating accounts for 15% to 27% of the total energy consumption in buildings in Australia. Over the past two decades, the latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) system has been
At this point, the minimum outlet temperature of the data center is 7.4 °C, and the temperature range at the data center inlet is −8.4 to 8.8 °C. Additionally, raising the flow rate of the immersion coolant, under identical design conditions, can decrease the temperature increase of the coolant within the data center.
Then an optimization strategy is put forward to improve cooling efficiency compared with single‐inlet and single‐outlet symmetrical liquid cooling BTMS; the highest temperature of three
In this paper, an innovative liquid cooling plate (LCP) embedded with phase change material (PCM) is designed for electric vehicle (EV) battery thermal
The effects of inlet and outlet sizes, coolant mass flow rate (q m), and inlet and outlet positions on the temperature field as well as the cold plate pressure drop are studied. According to the results, maximum temperatures of batteries appear at four corners of cavity cold plates, which are lower than 35 °C.
As shown in Fig. 14, compared with the cold plate with one inlet and one outlet, the cold plate with two inlets and one outlet can decrease the pressure drop by 7.2% to 419.7 Pa, which can be explained by Eq. (7). Furthermore, the maximum temperature difference decreases from 3.99 to 3.19 K.
To meet the requirements raised by a factory for the lithium battery module (LBM), a liquid cooling plate with a two-layer minichannel heat sink has been
Fig. 1 shows the two-dimensional cooling plate models with different inlet and outlet structure combinations. Each cooling plate model consists of an inlet region, a design region Ω, and an outlet region. Four different inlet and outlet structure combinations are considered in this paper, which are one inlet and one outlet (OP), two inlets and
In comparison with the original model, the average temperature and pressure drop were reduced by 1.17 °C and 22.14 Pa, respectively. Finally, in order to further improve the heat dissipation effect of the system, a new hybrid liquid cooling plates formed by filling the liquid cooling plate with composite phase change material were
1. Introduction. Lithium-ion battery has been widely used in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) because of their high energy density, high power and long cycle life [1], [2], [3].Lithium-ion battery generates heat through a series of chemical reactions during charging and discharging process [4, 5].If the heat is not
In the SC liquid-cooled plate, the cooling fluid''s temperature in the side channels exceeds that in the central channel. This discrepancy arises because the lower fluid flow rate in the side channels fails to efficiently remove heat from the plate, leading to heat accumulation in the latter part of the liquid-cooled plate.
Shang et al. [17] have studied the impacts of cooling-plate width, initial inlet temperature and liquid flow rate on the BTMS thermal behaviour and obtained an optimal combination of various factors through an orthogonal experiment. This study has identified that at the optimal parameter combination, the cell''s highest temperature and
The optimum performing temperature of the Li-ion battery are 20–40°C based on the efficiency and energy storage height, diameter, and number of the surface topography on the cooling effect of a mini-channel liquid cooling plate. In addition to the structure of the cooling plate, there are also a few studies on structures of the cooling
Compared with the thermal characteristics of the battery module before optimization, the maximum temperature of the module after optimization is reduced by 9.3%, the maximum temperature difference is reduced by 20.7%, and the coolant pressure drop from inlet to outlet is reduced by 49.1%.
In addition, in order to investigate the effect of the inlet temperature on the cooling performance, we tried to reduce the inlet water temperature to 21 and 15 °C. As shown in Fig. 12, Fig. 13, although the overall temperature of the battery module can be reduced with the lower inlet temperature, the temperature gradient of the whole
Temperature range requirements defines the type of liquid that can be used in each application. − Operating Temperature < 0oC, water cannot be used. − Glycol/water
Zhang et al. [11] optimized the liquid cooling channel structure, resulting in a reduction of 1.17 °C in average temperature and a decrease in pressure drop by 22.14 Pa. Following the filling of the liquid cooling plate with composite PCM, the average temperature decreased by 2.46 °C, maintaining the pressure drop reduction at 22.14 Pa.
The excellent thermal conductivity of the silicon plate, combined with the good cooling effect of water, has formed a feasible and effective composite liquid
The results show that by adopting ten LCTs with an inlet velocity of 0.2 m·s −1, the maximum temperature and temperature difference can be controlled below 43.3 °C and 2.62 °C under the ambient temperature of 25 °C, and below 55.72 °C and 3.51 °C under the ambient temperature of 40 °C, respectively. Besides these comparable
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