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This will result in the loss of biomass and processing efficiency. The storage of AGS can be used as a foreign reserve of grain, Aerobic granulation in a modified oxidation ditch with an adjustable volume intraclarifier Bioresour. Technol., 157 (2014), pp. 351-354
Therefore, developing more operational, efficient and green one-pot oxidation processes of cyclohexane is necessary to synthesise adipic acid. The one-pot oxidation of cyclohexane for the selective production of adipic acid with green oxidants, such as molecular oxygen, tert -butyl hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide, has great
We report here the construction of two metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), Zr6-Cu/Fe-1 and Zr6-Cu/Fe-2, by integrating earth-abundant cuprous photosensitizers (Cu-PSs) and Fe catalysts for photocatalytic aerobic oxidation. Site isolation and pore confinement stabilize both Cu-PSs and Fe catalysts, while the proximity between active
There existed various alternative mechanisms for polyoxomolybdate catalyzed aerobic oxidation of alcohols, depending on the catalysts and reaction condition involved. For example, an ox metal type mechanism was proposed for alcohol oxidation by using ruthenium and osmium containing polyoxometalates, [M(DMSO) 3 Mo 7 O 24 ] 4−
More recently, similar M-N-C catalysts have been shown to catalyze the aerobic oxidation of organic molecules. This Focus Review highlights mechanistic similarities and distinctions between these two
In cellular respiration, oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor, because it picks up the electrons at the end (the terminus) of the electron transport chain. This job is so important that, as you saw above, if oxygen is not present, this part of cellular respiration will not occur. Figure 8.2.5 8.2. 5: This view of the mitochondrion shows the
Autotrophic CO 2 fixation is the central anabolic process in thaumarchaeal ammonia oxidizers. However, the energy available from the oxidation of the nanomolar concentrations of ammonia typical of the
Compared with direct oxidation by molecular oxygen (O 2), the use of a coupled catalyst system with ETMs leads to a lower overall energy barrier via stepwise electron transfer. This cooperative catalytic process significantly facilitates the transport of electrons from the reduced form of the substrate-selective redox catalyst (SSRC red ) to
This Minireview presents recent important homogenous aerobic oxidative reactions which are assisted by electron transfer mediators (ETMs). Compared with direct
Migration of internal excitons, polarons, and free charges often results in recombination. Here, the authors develop a photocatalyst in which excitons, polarons,
When glucose is chemically "burned" as a fuel to produce carbon dioxide (CO 2) and water (H 2 O), the energy released from this oxidation process is 670 kcal/mol of glucose: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 → 6CO 2 + 6 H 2 O ΔH = -670 kcal/mol. The net energy yield from anaerobic glucose metabolism can readily be calculated in moles of ATP.
Artificial enzymatic systems have emerged in the field of biomimetic catalysis by constructing specific catalytic centers of enzymes. Inspired by the high activity of natural monooxygenase for the oxidation transformation, several binuclear Cu/Fe-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been frequently used as oxidation catalysts, yet
Developing efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of C–H bonds using oxygen molecule as an oxidant to produce value–added aryl ketones is a challenging task. In this study, a series of cementite–iron–carbon composites (referred to as Fe–C–T, where T represents the pyrolysis temperature) were synthesized using a
Figure 7.6.1 7.6. 1: Adenosine triphosphate: ATP is the main source of energy in many living organisms. Another factor that affects the yield of ATP molecules generated from glucose is the fact that intermediate compounds in these pathways are used for other purposes. Glucose catabolism connects with the pathways that build or break down all
This. Minireview presents recent important homogenous aerobic oxidative reactions which are assisted by electron transfer mediators (ETMs). Compared with direct oxidation by
In summary, we have developed Co 3 O 4 nanocubes enriched with Ov via a facile liquid-phase reduction treatment, which can be employed as an efficient catalyst for the aerobic oxidation of limonene. Under the optimum conditions, the LO yield achieves 69.6 % with 87.4 % conversion of limonene ( r i value of 0.0448 mol g cat –1 h −1 ) and
The mechanism of selective aerobic oxidation was studied through comprehensive experiments and density functional theory calculations. The results
An extremely simple and rapid (seconds) approach is reported to directly synthesize gram quantities of P-doped graphitic porous carbon materials with controlled P bond configuration. For the first time, it is demonstrated that the P-doped carbon materials can be used as a selective metal free catalyst for aerobic oxidation reactions. The work function
Aerobic oxidative desulfurization (AODS) is an emerging sustainable technology for deep desulfurization of petroleum fuels, which requires robust catalysts to
It is used universally as an energy storage form in all energy-dependent cellular processes. It is not a "general storage form" of energy for eventual use but is produced and consumed in a continuous cycle whose velocity is matched to the prevailing rate of cellular processes, including those of syntheses, membrane-bound ion pumps,
This study presents a feasible strategy, building Pd(II) sites into CO2-adsorptive polymers on hollow TiO2 surface, for realizing CO2 reduction with H2O in an
Aerobic efficiency, also referred to as gross efficiency, is defined as the work output to metabolic input ratio, and can be measured using indirect calorimetry and a cycle ergometer. In traditional exercise physiology, it has been shown that among subjects with similar V O 2max, those with higher more type I muscle fibers and higher aerobic
To tackle the impending energy and environmental crisis, one should find more efficient scheme to harvest and appropriate solar energy efficiently in niche use. In this regard, semiconductor photocatalysis has attracted much attention with possible applications such as solar fuel generation, environmental pollutants degradation and
Metal-free, visible-light active and heterogeneous organic photocatalysts offer a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional metal-based catalysts. Here a porous organic hyper-crosslinked polymer, CF-HCP, was successfully synthesized through a facile and cost-effective process.
In prolonged moderate to high-intensity exercise, there is a delicate interplay between carbohydrate and fat metabolism, and this bioenergetic process is tightly regulated by numerous physiological, nutritional, and environmental factors such as exercise intensity and duration, body mass and feeding state. Carbohydrate metabolism is of critical
The catalyst dosage is one of the most important parameters for the industrialization of ODS. The effect of Ce 2 (MoO 4) 3 dosage on sulfur removal was investigated. The results are shown in Fig. 7, catalyst dosage increased from 0.02g to 0.05g results in the sulfur removal of DBT increasing from 58.8% to 99.6%.
In brief, when the aerobic oxidation process proceeds in the presence of MIL-88A(Fe) as a catalyst, cyclohexene is inclined to be converted into the desired 2-cyclohexen-1-ol. The high concentrations of Fe III sites as well as abundant oxygen vacancies within the MOF networks are considered to be the key factors affecting the
The ligand effect on alcohol oxidation has been investigated through thermal treatment and surface modification. Shahin et al. [58] reported that Au 25 (glutathione) 18 NCs@ZrO 2 aggregated under high-temperature treatment and became inactive in the oxidation, but the catalysts with the ligands partially removed at 300 C
We report here the construction of two metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), Zr6-Cu/Fe-1 and Zr6-Cu/Fe-2, by integrating earth-abundant cuprous photosensitizers
NHPI-mediated electrochemical aerobic oxidation of benzyl-ic C@H bonds (Scheme 35b).[106] Here, NHPI and pyridine were used as efficient mediators for electron transfer. The deprotonation of NHPI by pyridine, followed by anodic electron transfer, leads to a
A robust, microporous, and photoactive aluminum-based MOF (LCU-600) has been synthesized based on a carbazole ligand, showing excellent performance for
Autotrophic CO 2 fixation is the central anabolic process in thaumarchaeal ammonia oxidizers. However, the energy available from the oxidation of the nanomolar concentrations of ammonia typical of the marine environment is very low. Thus, we hypothesized that highly efficient anabolic pathways would provide the thaumarchaea an
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